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04 April 2012

Particle introduction


1) Electron
Theorized Richard Laming (1838–1851),G. Johnstone Stoney (1874) and others.

Discovered J. J. Thomson (1897)

1 a ) Positron (also called anti electron)

Paul Dirac (1928)

Discovered Carl D. Anderson (1932)

2) Neutron

Theorized Ernest Rutherford (1920)

Discovered James Chadwick  (1932)

2 a) Antineutron

Discovered Bruce Cork (1956)

3) Proton

Theorized William Prout (1815)
Discovered Ernest Rutherford (1917-1919)

3 a) Antiproton

Predicted by Paul Dirac
Discovered physicists Emilio Segrè and

Particle introduction
Fermion (named after Enrico Fermi)  is any particle which obeys the Fermi–Dirac statistics (and follows the Pauli exclusion principle). Fermions contrast with bosons which obey Bose–Einstein statistics.

A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons.

A lepton is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter.[1] The best known of all leptons is the electron which governs nearly all of chemistry as it is found in atoms and is directly tied to all chemical properties.

bosons are one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particles, the other being fermions. Bosons are characterized by their obedience to Bose–Einstein statistics. This class of particles includes photons and gluons, as well as the hypothetical Higgs boson.

A hadron is a composite particle made of quarks held together by the strong force (as atoms and molecules are held together by the electromagnetic force). Hadrons are categorized into two families: baryons (made of three quarks) and mesons (made of one quark and one anti quark).

A baryon is a composite subatomic particle made up of three quarks (as distinct from mesons, which comprise one quark and one antiquark). Baryons and mesons belong to the hadron family, which are the quark-based particles. The name "baryon" comes from the Greek word for "heavy" ,because, at the time of their naming, most known elementary particles had lower masses than the baryons.

Mesons are unstable subatomic particles composed of one quark and one anti quark. They are part of the hadron particle family – particles made of quarks. The other members of the hadron family are the baryons – subatomic particles composed of three quarks. The main difference between mesons and baryons is that mesons have integer spin (thus are bosons) while baryons are fermions (half-integer spin). Because mesons are bosons, the Pauli Exclusion Principle does not apply to them. Because of this, they can act as force mediating particles on short distances, and thus play a part in processes such as the nuclear interaction.

03 July 2011

GROUP 1 MAIN Paper – II 2011


GROUP-I MAINS - 2011                GENERAL STUDIES          PAPER-II        (23-01-2011)


GENERAL STUDIES (ORIGINAL PAPER)

Paper – II           (English version)

Duration: 3 hours                                                                                    [Max. Mark: 300]                                            

General instructions to the candidates:

i)                   This question paper is descriptive type in degree standard.
ii)                Candidates should write their register numbers in the space provided for in the main answer book only and should not write Anywhere else and also in the additional answer-books.
iii)              The question paper is printed in Tamil and English version. In all matters and in cases of doubt English version is final.
iv)               The candidate may answer in Tamil or English or Partly in Tamil and English.
v)                 Candidates must write the correct number of the question and sub question. Failure to the so will entail loss of credit for the answers.
vi)               There is no reservation of marks for neatness of execution and correctness of spelling in respect of this paper.
vii)            Graph sheet has been provided for drawing graphs.

(Section-A)

(Very Short Answer Type)

Note:  
i)                   Answer all the questions not exceeding 20 words each
ii)                Each question carries one mark. ( 35 X 1 = 35 )

1) What is the importance of Article 326 of the Constitution of India?
2) Which amendment integrated Goa, Daman and Diu with the Union of India as its eighth union territory?
3) Differentiate between Cabinet and Council of Ministers.
4) What is meant by writ of Mandamus?
5) According to………amendment same person can be appointed as a Governor for two or more states.
6) Which Article makes a special provision for the retention of the English language for usage in courts?
7) In which of the Houses, the impeachment motion against the Indian President can be initiated?
8)……..was appointed as Chairman of Second Backward Classes Commission
9) In the year…..the state of Nagaland was formed
10) Which Article deals with the ‘Right to Freedom of Religion’?
11) To which year does the first epigraph mentioning tying of ‘Thaali’ by bridegroom to bride belong?
12) What is the special drum played during Eruthazhvuthal by shepherds?
13) Which race lived in Lemuria continent?
14) What are ‘Krandha’ letters?
15) What was the name of Association formed by Ramalinga Vallalar for integrating people of all faiths?
16) What were the magazines run by Thiru. Vi. Ka?
17) Mention any two negotiable instruments
18) Explain FEMA
19) What is marketing planning?
20) What is the source of the Narmada River?
21) Which state accounts for the highest percentage of irrigated area under well irrigation?
22) What is the temperature of the outside surface of the sun?
23) Which growth model was adopted as strategy during Second Five-Year Plan of India?
24) Tarapore Committee is associated with…….
25) Name the Head of Tamil Nadu Planning Commission.
 26) Give any two sources of revenue the state of Tamilnadu  
27) I Angstrom unit =….
28) Name the carbon compound used in the manufacture of artificial silk.
 29) What is ‘DNA’ foot printing?
30) What is an ‘Idiogram’?
31) What is VRML?
32) Mention any one user friendly e-governance application.
33) Write the objectives of self-help groups.
34) Who was the Chairman of a committee appointed by the Government of Tamil Nadu in 1969 to examine the issue of Centre-State relations?
35) The award given to the best Panchayat is named after………..
(Section–B)
(Short Answer Type)

Note: i) Answer any Twenty of the following questions not exceeding 50 words each.
     ii) Each question carries three marks. 20 OUT OF 25 ( 20 X 3 = 60 )


36) Write a brief note on Commonwealth Citizenship provided in the Citizenship Act of 1955.
37) Write a note on the amendment which deals with establishing Panchayats.
38) Under which conditions courts do not grant a writ of Mandamus?
39) What is the speciality of the Money Bill?
40) What are the significances of Financial Administration?
41) What are the powers of the Block Development Officer?
42) Write a note about the “Thunangai Koothu’.
43) Write about the divisions of Saivism.
44) Write the architectonics of the book Tholkappiyam.
45) Write the names of Nayanmar&Azhwar who lived in the period of Pallavas. Describe their works on religion.
46) Write a short note on ethical values mentioned by Purananooru in battle-field.
47) What are the traits of married women given by Elangovadigal?
48) What is Meykeerthi?
49) What are the Atruppadai songs of the Sangam literature?
50) Write briefly about ‘Umanarkal’.
51) What are the objectives of MSME policy of Tamil Nadu 2008?
52) Briefly explain the formation process of retreating monsoon in India.
53) Briefly describe the geo-stationary satellite.
54) What are the sources for financing fiscal deficit? W hat is the current position?
55) Define Micro and Small scale industries.
56) Assess the development of transport infrastructure in Tamil Nadu.
57) What is cutaneous respiration?
58) What is Parthenogenesis? Write its causes.
59) Explain the behaviour of water as acid and base.
60) Enumerate the three Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
61) Write about ISDN link.
62) What are the challenges specific to India in providing E-governance?
63) Enumerate the objectives of the 4 th State Finance Commission.
64) What is the primary objective of social welfare?
65) How do the phenomena of bio-communication give benefits to plants?
(Section-C)
             (Brief Answer Type)

Note:
i)                   Answer any twenty-two of the following questions not exceeding 100words each.
ii)                Each question carries five marks. 17 OUT OF 22 (17 x 5 = 85)


66) Briefly discuss the functions of Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
67) What would be the consequences of Financial Emergency in India?
68) Explain Advisory Jurisdiction.
69) Under what conditions can Indian citizenship be terminated?
70) Explain the need and significance of All India Services.
71) When will a bill pending in state legislature lapse?
72) Write a short note on Nedunal Vadai.
73) Write about the educational progress in Tamil Nadu after Independence.
74) Mention the architectural classification in Temple Architecture.
75) Discuss the women status in various periods.
76) Explain the terms ‘Mandram’ and ‘Pothiyil’.
77) What is the psychological state of women known through OppariPadal.
78) Write the historical messages exhibited by NandhiKalambagam.
79) What are the truths known by the Seppedu?
80) Explain the term ‘Flood Plain Zoning’ (FPZ).
81) Describe the income method of computing national income.
82) Discuss the important pricing methods.
83) Analyze the various poverty alleviation programmes in Tamil Nadu.
84) Write a note on photonic revolution in modern India.
85) Write a note on DNA fingerprinting.
86) Write a short note on Unique Identification Number Scheme and its usefulness in e governance.
87) Discuss the Anna Renaissance Scheme in Tamil Nadu.





(Section-D)

(Detailed Answer Type)

Note:
i)                   Answer any six of the following questions not exceeding 200 Words each.
ii)                Each question carries fifteen marks. 7OUT OF  12 (7 X 15 = 105 )

88) What are the reasons for the failures of Community Development Programme in India?
89) What are the provisions of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1955?
90) Define department. What are the principles of departmental organization?
91) Write about Folk arts and crafts.
92) Describe the services rendered by Saivait Mutts to the cause of Tamil language.
93) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Foreign Direct Investment.
94) Explain the social forestry system of India.
95) What are the functions of Indian money market?
96) ‘Tamil Nadu provides for a pro-active and dynamic environment for industrial development.’ Comment.
97) What is meant by Eugenic? Discuss the role of human genetics in Medical science with reference to genetic counseling and gene therapy.
98) Write a note on Chandrayaan-1. What are its objectives?
99) Elaborately discuss the e-governance initiatives in Tamil Nadu.



15 June 2011

GROUP 1 MAIN 2011 Paper – I



GROUP-I MAINS - 2011                GENERAL STUDIES          PAPER-I        (22-01-2011)

GENERAL STUDIES (ORIGINAL PAPER)

Paper – I           (Tamil & English versions)

Duration: 3 hours                                           [Max. Mark: 300]                                             

General instructions to the candidates:

i)   This question paper is descriptive type in degree standard.
ii)  Candidates should write their register numbers in the space provided for in the main answer book only and should not write Anywhere else and also in the additional answer-books.
iii) The question paper is printed in Tamil and English version. In all matters and in cases of doubt English version is final.
iv).The candidate may answer in Tamil or English or Partly in Tamil and English.
v)  Candidates must write the correct number of the question and sub question. Failure to the so will entail loss of credit for the answers.
vi)There is no reservation of marks for neatness of execution and correctness of spelling in respect of this paper.
vii)  Graph sheet has been provided for drawing graphs.

(Section-A)
(Very Short Answer Type)
Note:
i)  Answer all the questions not exceeding 20 words each
ii)  Each question carries one mark.
  
1)  Where was the first session of the INC held?
2) What was the name of journal launched by Periyar E.V.Ramaswamy to get this self-respect movement progressed?
3) When did Vasco da Gama reach India?
4) The British General Who Visited King Jahangir’s Court to get trade concessions was …..
5)  Under the system of subsidiary Alliance, Lord Wellesley signed the first alliance with ……
6) The British army leader who was defeated by Puli Devan in the Year 1755 was …….
7)  The famous tribal rebellion that took place in Bihar in the years 1855-56 was ……..
8) The person responsible for the Aligarh movement was ……..
9) The name of the novel of Bankim Chandra Chatterji that kindled te national spirit is ………
10)  ………… is called as the ‘ Prophet of Militant Nationalism.
11) Which spectroscopy was used to fine out the presence of ‘water molecules’ in moon?
12) Who is the Father of Nano Science?
13) The time taken by Neptune to complete one full rotation around the sun is ………..
14) ‘Species Plantarum’s is a book written by ……..
15) The uncertainty principle in Physics was propounded by ………..
16) What is Deficit Budget?
17)  ………… is the programme to give adequate health care for children.
18) An acronym for the economies of Brazil, Russia, Indian and China combined.
19) The difference of 1* Langitude will make a difference of ………. Minutes in time.
20) The Liberhan Commission Report is associated with …..
21) What is the use of GPRS technology?
22) A man buys oranges for Rs.x per dozen and sells them Rs. x/10 per orange. What is his profit in Rs. Per orange?
23) Data collected fresh for an investigation are known as ………..
24)  Find the odd one out from the 5 figures given below:
December
November
October
September
August
1
2
3
4
5

25) Domestic Violence Act was passed in the year……to give empowerment for women
26) ‘Poverty line’ is defined according to ………. Organization
27) The word ‘Panchamas’ referred to……
28) Who was distinguished poverty into primary and secondary?
29) Mention the political system which allows free economic competition without any interference from the state
30)  Reservation for the scheduled caste is provided in terms of their
31)  Mention the year in which a special ministry for women and social welfare was started at the centre, in India -
32) Who is empowered to appoint a special officer to safeguard the interests of the minorities in the states?
33) In which year was Dowry Prohibition Act (Amendment) enacted?
34) Revolt against the constitutional government of one’s own country is……
35)  Women’s Reservation Bill providing a 33% reservation for women was first presented in Rajya Sabha on ……..
36) The Naxalite Terrorism started in the state
37) Public Grievance Day is observed in collectorates on…..
38) What are the Commissions constituted to look into the spirit scandals in Kerala and Tamil Nadu?
39) Electronic Voting Machines were first used in the year……
40) Who was the first Chief Information Commissioner of India?

(Section–B)
(Short Answer Type)

Note:
i)    Answer any Twenty of the following questions not exceeding 50 words each.
ii)   Each question carries three marks. 20 OUT OF 25  (20 X 3 = 60)


41)  Evaluate the significance of V.O. Chidambaram in Indian Independence Movement
42)  Write a note on the social reforms of Lord William Bentinck.
43)  Write a note on the First Carnatic War (1746-48).
44)  Write a note on Dr. Annie Besant’s reforms.
45)  What were the main economic effects of the British rule in India?
46)  Explain the concept of Unity in Diversity.
47)  What is meant by Peaceful Co-existence?
48)  Write a short note on Vazhndhu Kattuvom project.
49)  What are the stages involved in Disaster Management?
50)  Name any two areas of the world where acid rain is common. Give reasons for the same.
51)  What are the causes of Inflation?
52)  What do you mean by Plan Expenditure?
53)  Calculate Harmonic  Mean from the following data:
Marks
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
Frequency
5
10
7
3
2

54)  Mention any three types of Bar diagrams.
55)  What is the difference between parallel processing and distributed processing?
56)  On what basis is a party recognized by the Election Commission as a National Party?
57)  List the factors that influence the making of ‘Public Opinion’.
58)  What are the Rights included in the Human Rights?
59)  What is seasonal unemployment?
60)  Bring out the important characteristics of Minority groups.
61)  Mention the factors which facilitate for women empowerment.
62)  List any three constitutional safeguards of the interests of the Tribals.
63)  List out the different institutions to rehabilitate Juvenile delinquents.
64)  What are the features of NGOs?
65)  Define the concept of Bonded Labour.

(Section-C)
(Brief Answer Type)

Note:
i)   Answer any twenty-two of the following questions not exceeding 100words each.
ii)  Each question carries five marks. 22 OUT OF 30 ( 22 x 5 = 110)


66)  Estimate therole of Jawaharlal Nehru in Indian National Movement.
67)  Bring out the importance of the Swadeshi Movement.
68)  Discuss the salient features of the Government of India Act, 1935.
69)  Enumerate the impact of British rule on the Indian society.
70)  Mention the causes of the Revolt of 1857.
71)  ‘Raja Rammohan Roy is the father of Indian Renaissance.’ – Justify.
72)  Write a note on Albuquerque.
73)  List out the flood-prone regions of India.
74)  Why is Monsoon Asia densely populated?
75)  Discuss the significance of SAARC.
76)  Describe the principles of India’s Foreign Policy.
77)  What are the objectives of 11th Five-year plan in India?
78)  Explain the general rules for constructing diagrams.
79)  Draw a simple bar diagram for the following data:
Classes
B.A.
B.Sc.
B.Com.
B.B.A.
No. of Stu
40
60
50
30

80)  How many triangles are there in the following figure?
81)  A can do a piece of work in 20 days, B in 15 days and C in 12 days.
    In how many days can A finish the work if he is assisted by B
    on one day and C on the next, alternately?
82)   What is E-commerce? What are its various types?
83)  Briefly highlight the election procedure of the Legislative Council of the state.
84)  Write a short note on the Justice M.M. Punchhi Commission Report on centre-state relations.
85)  Discuss the main features of non-alignment.
86)  Define ‘Tribes’ and discuss their social problems.
87)  What are the problems involved in the effective rehabilitation of bonded labourers?
88)  Examine the causes for the origin and development of Terrorism.
89)  Which acts are considered offences under protection of Civil Rights Act, 1976?
90)  Discuss the remedial measures undertaken by the Govt. of India for the removal of poverty.
91)  Highlight any five effects of unemployment on family.
92)  What are the rights of the consumers recognized under Consumer Protection Act of 1986?
93)  Discuss the economic empowerment of women through micro-credit policy.
94)  Briefly explain the main causes of illiteracy.
95)  How do we combat corruption in our society?

(Section-D)
(Detailed Answer Type)

Note:
i)  Answer any six of the following questions not exceeding 200 Words each.
ii)   Each question carries fifteen marks. 6 OUT OF  9 (6 X 15 = 90)

96). Estimate Kamaraj’s education reform.
97). Critically examine the land revenue policy of the British.
98). Give an account of the various forms that are prevalent in India.
99). Examine the various methods of pre and post flood management systems.
100). Give an account of the sixteenth SAARC summit.
101)  “ ‘Politicians and Bureaucrats’ are two components in democratic country.” – Comment.
102) How does the electronic media influence the formation of public opinion?
103) Highlight the suggestions made by Swaminathan Committee to implement the population policy in India.
104) Discuss the terrorist activities in Kashmir.